How to Tow an Electric Car: And Why It Might Feel Like Teaching a Fish to Climb a Tree

How to Tow an Electric Car: And Why It Might Feel Like Teaching a Fish to Climb a Tree

Towing an electric car (EV) is not as straightforward as towing a traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. While the concept of towing remains the same—moving a vehicle from one location to another—the unique characteristics of electric cars introduce a variety of considerations. From battery safety to regenerative braking systems, towing an EV requires a blend of technical knowledge and practical awareness. Let’s dive into the details.

1. Understand the Manufacturer’s Guidelines

The first step in towing an electric car is to consult the owner’s manual or the manufacturer’s guidelines. Unlike ICE vehicles, many EVs are not designed to be towed with all four wheels on the ground. This is because the electric motor, which is directly connected to the wheels, can generate electricity during movement. If the car is towed improperly, this regenerative process can damage the motor or the battery.

For example, Tesla explicitly states that their vehicles should not be flat-towed (all wheels on the ground) unless they are placed in “Tow Mode,” a special setting that disengages the motor. Other manufacturers, like Nissan for the Leaf, may allow flat towing but only under specific conditions.

2. Use a Flatbed Trailer

The safest way to tow an electric car is by using a flatbed trailer. This method ensures that all four wheels are off the ground, eliminating any risk of damage to the motor or battery. Flatbed trailers are widely available and are often used by professional towing services.

If a flatbed trailer is not available, a dolly can be used, but only for the non-driven wheels. However, this method is less ideal and should only be considered if the manufacturer explicitly permits it.

3. Consider the Weight and Size of the EV

Electric cars are often heavier than their ICE counterparts due to the weight of the battery pack. For instance, a Tesla Model S can weigh over 4,500 pounds, which is significantly more than a similarly sized sedan. When towing, ensure that the towing vehicle and equipment are rated for the weight of the EV.

Additionally, the size of the EV matters. Larger EVs, like the Ford F-150 Lightning or the Rivian R1T, may require specialized towing equipment due to their dimensions and weight.

4. Battery Safety During Towing

The battery is the heart of an electric car, and its safety is paramount. When towing, avoid exposing the battery to extreme temperatures or physical damage. For example, if the EV is being towed in hot weather, ensure that the battery is not overheating. Some EVs have thermal management systems that may not function properly when the car is turned off.

Also, avoid towing an EV with a severely depleted battery. A completely dead battery can complicate the towing process and may require specialized equipment to recharge or jump-start the vehicle.

5. Regenerative Braking and Towing

One of the unique features of electric cars is regenerative braking, which converts kinetic energy back into electrical energy to recharge the battery. While this is beneficial during normal driving, it can pose challenges during towing. If the car is towed with the wheels on the ground, the regenerative braking system may engage, causing resistance and potentially damaging the motor.

To avoid this, always follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding towing and regenerative braking. Some EVs have a “neutral” or “tow” mode that disables regenerative braking during towing.

6. Emergency Towing Situations

In emergency situations, such as a breakdown or accident, towing an electric car requires extra caution. First, ensure that the car is in a safe location and that the high-voltage system is deactivated. Most EVs have an emergency disconnect for the high-voltage system, which should be used before towing.

If the car is damaged, avoid towing it yourself. Instead, contact a professional towing service that has experience with electric vehicles. Improper towing of a damaged EV can lead to further damage or even safety hazards.

7. Long-Distance Towing

Towing an electric car over long distances introduces additional challenges. Unlike ICE vehicles, EVs cannot be refueled quickly at gas stations. If the EV’s battery is low, you may need to plan for charging stops along the way. This is especially important if the towing vehicle is also an EV, as towing can significantly reduce its range.

In some cases, it may be more practical to transport the EV on a flatbed truck rather than towing it behind another vehicle. This eliminates the need for charging stops and reduces wear and tear on both vehicles.

Before towing an electric car, check local laws and regulations. Some jurisdictions have specific rules regarding the towing of EVs, particularly if they are being towed on public roads. Additionally, verify that your insurance policy covers towing, especially if you are using a rental trailer or towing service.

9. The Environmental Impact of Towing an EV

While towing an electric car is sometimes necessary, it’s worth considering the environmental impact. Towing a heavy EV with a gas-powered vehicle can negate some of the environmental benefits of driving an electric car. If possible, opt for a flatbed truck powered by renewable energy or an electric towing vehicle.

10. Teaching a Fish to Climb a Tree

Towing an electric car might feel as counterintuitive as teaching a fish to climb a tree. After all, EVs are designed to be driven, not towed. However, with the right knowledge and equipment, towing an EV can be done safely and effectively. Just remember to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines, prioritize battery safety, and choose the appropriate towing method for your specific situation.

FAQs

Q1: Can I tow an electric car with all four wheels on the ground?
A: It depends on the manufacturer. Some EVs, like Teslas, should not be flat-towed unless placed in “Tow Mode.” Always consult the owner’s manual before towing.

Q2: What is the safest way to tow an electric car?
A: Using a flatbed trailer is the safest method, as it keeps all four wheels off the ground and prevents damage to the motor or battery.

Q3: Can I tow an electric car with a dolly?
A: A dolly can be used for the non-driven wheels, but this method is less ideal and should only be used if the manufacturer permits it.

Q4: What should I do if my electric car breaks down?
A: Contact a professional towing service with experience in handling electric vehicles. Avoid towing the car yourself unless you are certain of the proper procedures.

Q5: Does towing an electric car affect its battery?
A: Improper towing can damage the battery or motor. Always follow the manufacturer’s guidelines to ensure the battery remains safe during towing.